
Iran's six-day funeral for Ayatollah Khamenei begins July 4, nearly four months after his death. The procession tests the new, unseen Supreme Leader's grip amid economic crisis and security risks.
Iran begins a six-day funeral procession for Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on July 4, nearly four months after the Supreme Leader was killed on the first day of the U.S.-Israeli war in February. The ceremony ends July 9, covering cities across Iran and Iraq before burial in Mashhad, the country's holiest city.
The delay was due to fighting. The funeral is "a tightly choreographed display of mourning, continuity and regime control," Sanam Vakil, director of the Middle East and North Africa Program at Chatham House, told CNBC. The event is expected to draw tens of millions of mourners and "could reveal tensions beneath the surface," she added.
Public farewell ceremonies start at Tehran's Mosalla prayer complex around 6 a.m. local time, the traditional venue for major state religious gatherings. The main procession travels roughly 10 kilometers from Imam Hossein Square to Azadi Square after funeral prayers for the slain Ayatollah and his family. Tehran Mayor Alireza Zakani said attendance could reach 20 million people, potentially the largest gathering in the city's history.
The procession then moves to Qom, Iran's spiritual center of Shia learning, with events between the Shrine of Fatima Masoumeh and Jamkaran Mosque. The body is then transported to Iraq for ceremonies in Najaf and Karbala, home to shrines of Imam Ali and Imam Hussein. Iranian officials have coordinated with Iraqi authorities.
Khamenei's final resting place is in Mashhad, his birthplace, which holds profound religious significance for Shia Islam. The city is home to the shrine of Imam Reza, the eighth Imam, and where his father, the previous ayatollah, is buried. Authorities estimate 8 million to 10 million people could attend the final burial.
More than 30 countries have officially requested participation, Tasnim News Agency said this week, quoting Ali Akbar Poorjamshidian of the IRGC. Pakistan has confirmed attendance. He Wei, a senior Chinese lawmaker, plans to attend, the Chinese foreign ministry said on Thursday. No Gulf Arab government has publicly announced whether senior officials will participate. Senior Iraqi officials, including President Nizar Amedi, will attend, Iran's Fars News Agency said on Wednesday.
"This is basically a political event portrayed as a religious one. It is designed to project legitimacy at home and deterrence abroad," Alex Vatanka, senior fellow at the Middle East Institute, told CNBC.
The new Supreme Leader, Mojtaba Khamenei, would in theory want to be present and visible, mourning his father alongside the nation. He has not been seen in public since his accession. Any appearance would be read as a show of strength to the United States.
"Now come the challenges of governance, including deep economic problems, significant social discontent, the spectre of renewed hostilities and a relatively untried – and as yet, still unseen, new Supreme Leader," Naysan Rafati, Crisis Group's Iran senior analyst, told CNBC.
The scale of the event has required significant planning. Authorities have said highways around Tehran will be converted into temporary parking zones. Schools, mosques, universities and sports halls will be used to accommodate visitors. Flights are expected to be disrupted and access to major cities tightly controlled.
Iran will be hoping to avoid another major security breach as foreign dignitaries descend on the country, like the July 2024 incident during Masoud Pezeshkian's inauguration, when Hamas political leader Ismail Haniyeh was killed at a military-run guest house in Tehran.
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