
The UK's inability to build infrastructure is a warning for US investors. From HS2's £100bn cost to the £700m 'fish disco', the parallels are uncomfortable. Watch for similar regulatory overruns.
A recent piece in The Atlantic by Idrees Kahloon lays out the numbers on Britain's decline. The health service now spends more on settling maternity-malpractice claims than on providing maternity care, Kahloon wrote. One in ten Brits reported doing DIY dental work in a 2023 survey. Junior doctors start at £38,800 and have gone on strike 15 times in three years.
The infrastructure numbers are worse. High Speed 2, a rail line proposed in 2009 to connect London with Birmingham, Leeds, and Manchester, has seen costs triple to over £100 billion. It is the most expensive rail line in the world. A special structure to protect a rare bat species near the line required 8,000 permits and cost £216 million. The most important sections have been cut. The rump line may be finished by 2040.
Hinkley Point C, a nuclear power plant, is the world's most expensive not-yet-built nuclear plant. Its environmental impact assessment ran 31,401 pages. It features a £700 million "fish disco" that pulses sounds underwater to deter animals from intake pipes.
Kahloon argues that the United States looks less like a shining city on a hill and more like a declining Britain with a couple of dynamic sectors, mostly AI. The similarities are obvious in the retrograde solutions both countries have lumbered into. Britain attacked immigrants and trade with Brexit, which is the equivalent of a high tariff regime. The US attacks immigrants with birthright citizenship fights and trade with tariff hikes.
Nations in decline, like people, tend to lash out at others rather than deal with their real problems. Neither immigrants nor trade explain Britain's inability to build high-speed rail. Neither explains California's either.
The simple read is that Britain is a warning. The better read is that the US faces the same structural forces: regulatory capture and cost overruns, driven by political dysfunction. The root cause is a combination of regulatory complexity, legal challenges, and political paralysis. In the UK, the 31,401-page environmental impact assessment for Hinkley Point C is a symptom. In the US, similar permitting processes for energy and infrastructure projects create years of delays and cost overruns. The result is slower growth and lower productivity.
US investors should monitor the progress of major infrastructure projects like California's high-speed rail, the permitting reform debate in Congress, and the cost of new nuclear plants. If the US follows the UK's path, the impact on economic growth and equity returns could be significant. The UK's Hinkley Point C plant, with its 31,401-page environmental assessment, is an example of what happens when regulation strangles progress.
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