
Bank of Italy study finds on- and off-ramp costs remain the bottleneck for remittances, while South Korea data shows $400M in monthly stablecoin outflows to offshore platforms.
Stablecoins are succeeding where investors value market access but still face structural limits in everyday cross-border payments, according to a Bank of Italy study and new data from South Korea's Financial Supervisory Service.
The Bank of Italy ran a "mystery shopping" exercise involving 200 USDC transfers across 10 payment corridors linking Italy with Brazil, Argentina, Japan, the United Arab Emirates and South Africa. Researchers measured the complete transfer process from sender to recipient, not just blockchain performance in isolation.
Onchain transaction fees accounted for a small share of total costs. The largest expenses and delays came when users converted local currencies into stablecoins and later exchanged them back into fiat. On- and off-ramp services were the primary source of friction.
Stablecoins became significantly more competitive only when recipients could spend them directly without converting back into local currency, the researchers concluded.
South Korea's data tells a different story. The country's five largest cryptocurrency exchanges recorded 560.3 billion won (approximately $400 million) in net stablecoin outflows during June, extending 18 consecutive months of net withdrawals, according to figures from the Financial Supervisory Service cited by The Korea Times.
Those stablecoins are not funding remittances. They are moving capital onto offshore trading platforms that offer products unavailable under South Korea's domestic regulatory framework: leveraged derivatives, tokenized real-world assets and decentralized finance services. The outflow has sparked political debate over whether domestic restrictions are encouraging capital to migrate abroad instead of remaining within regulated local markets.
The two data sets point to the same conclusion through different channels. For remittances, the blockchain itself is no longer the principal bottleneck. The cost of moving between fiat currencies and digital assets determines whether transfers are competitive with established payment providers. For capital markets, that friction matters less. Investors absorb conversion costs when stablecoins provide faster access to international exchanges or products they cannot get at home.
Stablecoins may deliver their greatest economic value today as financial infrastructure connecting global markets, not as a universal replacement for traditional cross-border payment systems.
That suggests where the industry's next efficiency gains are likely to emerge. As merchants, financial institutions and payment providers expand direct stablecoin acceptance, users may increasingly complete transactions without repeatedly converting between fiat currencies and digital assets. Until that ecosystem matures, stablecoins are likely to remain strongest as infrastructure for moving capital globally. Their advantage in everyday remittances will continue to depend largely on the efficiency of local financial systems rather than blockchain technology alone.
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