
South Korea's CBDC pilot processed 114,880 transactions without an external security audit after launch. The pilot's expansion adds two more banks and raises wallet limits to 500,000 users.
South Korea's central bank digital currency pilot completed tens of thousands of real transactions without any external security audit after launch, documents from the Financial Supervisory Service show.
The Bank of Korea's Project Hangang processed 114,880 transactions across roughly 81,000 digital wallets and about 12,000 merchants during its first phase, between April and June 2025. Only 42% of users managed to complete a payment. Participating banks invested between 30 billion and 35 billion won in building the infrastructure.
The only formal security evaluation was conducted before the system went live, carried out by internal teams at Woori Bank and NH Nonghyun Bank, with assistance from the Financial Security Institute and SK Shields. The Bank of Korea justified the absence of external inspections by stating, in footnote 10 of its pilot report, that pre-launch evaluations were sufficient.
Maeil Business Newspaper noted that the operator was effectively left in charge of evaluating the security of its own operation. An industry official quoted by that outlet said "the real-transaction pilot is a process of building public trust, not just technological verification" and that it is problematic for the same organization to create, test and certify the security of its own CBDC system.
The Financial Services Commission approved an expansion of Project Hangang on July 15. Gyeongnam Bank and iM Bank are being added, bringing the total to nine institutions. The wallet limit rises from 100,000 to 500,000 users, and the individual amount increases from 1 million to 10 million won. New features include person-to-person transfers, biometric authentication, automatic top-ups and programmable government subsidy payments.
The documents were submitted by the Financial Supervisory Service to the office of representative Lee Hun-seung on July 20.
South Korea's Financial Supervisory Service did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
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