
The Blockchain Association argues the Fed cannot arbitrarily deny master accounts to state-chartered crypto banks. Kraken's conditional approval shows the stakes at play.
The Blockchain Association has thrown its weight behind Custodia Bank in a Supreme Court appeal that could decide how digital asset firms connect to the U.S. payment system. The trade group filed an amicus brief urging the justices to hear Custodia's challenge to a lower-court ruling that gave regional Federal Reserve banks broad discretion over master account applications.
Custodia argues that the Monetary Control Act requires the Federal Reserve to provide payment services to any qualifying state-chartered bank. The Kansas City Fed rejected Custodia's application in January 2023, citing risks tied to its crypto-focused business model. The Tenth Circuit upheld that decision, saying Reserve branches have final say over who gets access.
The case tests a question with consequences beyond one Wyoming bank. The Blockchain Association says that unchecked discretion lets regional branches pick winners and losers in the financial system. State-chartered institutions that meet statutory prerequisites deserve uniform consideration, the group argues.
Custodia first applied for a master account in October 2020. After 19 months without a decision, it sued the Fed in June 2022. A district court dismissed the case in March 2024, and the Tenth Circuit affirmed that ruling. The full circuit denied a rehearing in March 2026 by a 7-3 vote.
The Kansas City Fed has since granted a conditional master account to Kraken Financial, another Wyoming-chartered crypto bank. The March 2026 approval was the first of its kind for a digital-asset firm. Yet the account comes with strings. Kraken cannot earn interest on reserves or tap the Fed's emergency lending window.
The Fed has also floated a rule for limited-purpose payment accounts that could give crypto firms a clearer path to payment-system access. The Kansas City Fed must file its response to Custodia's Supreme Court petition by Sept. 11, 2026.
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