General Instruction 8 tells filers to "use the code that most appropriately describes the transaction" and, when the transaction is not listed, to use J and "describe the nature of the transaction in the space for explanation of responses". A J row cannot be read without its footnote.
In AlphaScala’s sample many J rows are indirect holdings: shares moving between trusts the same insider reports for, or held through partnerships and funds. Many such rows change how shares are held; the footnote says what happened.
J is a catch-all, so its rows do not share one meaning. AlphaScala’s insider tables count none of them as purchases or sales.